閱讀理解中關(guān)于選項(xiàng)中作者是什么態(tài)度的單詞，什么想法的單詞，這類你每次選項(xiàng)都認(rèn)不全的單詞的集合背一下。2020年全國新東方在線考研英語課堂試題及答案。
TEXT 1
A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.
Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.
Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.
Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.
So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.
1. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on
[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.
[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.
[C] the administrations ability to handle information.
[D] social media was a reliable source of news.
2. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to
[A] sharpen
[B] define
[C] boast
[D] share
3. According to the knight foundation survey, young people
[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.
[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.
[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.
[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”
4. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is
[A] readers outdated values.
[B] journalists’ biased reporting
[C] readers’ misinterpretation
[D] journalists’ made-up stories.
5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online
[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend
[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.
[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.
TEXT 2
The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality
And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.
Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.
If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.
6.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by
[A]. its unbalanced budget.
[B] .its rigid management.
[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.
[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.
7. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to
[A]. the interference from interest groups.
[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.
[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.
[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.
8.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by
[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.
[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.
[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.
[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.
9.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with
[A] respect.
[B] tolerance.
[C] discontent.
[D] gratitude.
10.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days
[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese
[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure
[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid
TEXT 1
1.【答案】[D] social media as a reliable source of news
【解析】雙段推理題。根據(jù)題目定位到第1段和第2段，雙段推理優(yōu)先考慮雙段主旨。第一段中心句為最后一句話：Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform。“千禧一代喜歡白宮直接發(fā)布的消息…而不是總統(tǒng)社交媒體發(fā)布的信息”，說明他們不太信任社交媒體。第2段中心為第二句轉(zhuǎn)折之后，說明對(duì)于社交媒體的不信任上升。故雙段中心都和他們不信任社交媒體相關(guān)。結(jié)合以上信息，得出社交媒體信息不可靠，選擇D。
2.【答案】[A] sharpen
【解析】詞匯釋義題。根據(jù)題目定位到第2段第2句：Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。句子的情感色彩判斷，因?yàn)槎禾?hào)前提到“人們對(duì)于所有媒體的不信任增加”，可以推知人們應(yīng)該開始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能，故選A。
3.【答案】B verify news by referring to diverse sources.
【解析】范例證明題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第二句話。因?yàn)槟稠?xiàng)研究一般是論據(jù)證明前面的論點(diǎn)，故答案應(yīng)該位于第一句話“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.” 說明答案應(yīng)該“和年輕人更容易把網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的事實(shí)和虛假信息區(qū)分開來”，故答案為B“驗(yàn)證新聞的真?zhèn)?rdquo;。為了精確可以在論據(jù)中去驗(yàn)證，論據(jù)中提到“verify stories”, “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different perspectives”，都是和多重角度驗(yàn)證信息真?zhèn)蜗嚓P(guān)的。
4.【答案】C readers’ misinterpretation
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason對(duì)應(yīng)the top reason，而原文剩余信息為“reader error”, 所以應(yīng)該和讀者相關(guān)。Error應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)misinterpretation, 故答案為C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰，下句進(jìn)一步說明答案的內(nèi)容，文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news進(jìn)一步印證C為正確答案。
5.【答案】A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online
【解析】全文主旨題。本篇文章屬于篇首轉(zhuǎn)折，二段轉(zhuǎn)折之后為全文主旨，yet之后說道：“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”.“隨著對(duì)于所有媒體不信任的上升，人們開始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能”，故答案為A。為了驗(yàn)證，可以看篇末，篇末重申主題，so之后講道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更進(jìn)一步說明和人們批判性看待社交媒體上的新聞相關(guān)。
TEXT 2
6.【答案】[B] its rigid management
【解析】根據(jù)題干判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。第一段的前三句都是有關(guān)USPS的具體數(shù)字，屬于細(xì)節(jié)信息。第四句出現(xiàn)many reasons很多原因。緊接著下面就有fundamentally根本原因是， 所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析這個(gè)長難句，USPS 處在squeeze between 1 and 2,中，1是technological change, 2是structure. 2的structure后定語從句：denies management flexibility 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B: rigid management。
7.【答案】[A] the interference from interest groups
【解析】 根據(jù)題干due to，判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞：USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句，在這句前l(fā)eaving，留下，導(dǎo)致這個(gè)結(jié)果，往前找原因，前一句提到reform legislation, 而且這句前還有this is why，只要找到代詞this指代就可以判斷選項(xiàng)。代詞往前推，根據(jù)這句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress選擇選項(xiàng)A，interference 對(duì)應(yīng) exert pressure on。
8.【答案】[A] removing its burden of retiree health care
【解析】 因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)38題題干The long-standing complaint by the ....回文定位到第3段，最后一句：“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus....” .再根據(jù)題干中“ can be addressed by” 即：通過哪種方式解決，此處為解題要點(diǎn)，通過哪種方式來解決，前后明顯為結(jié)果與途徑的關(guān)系，即可理解為因果關(guān)系。文章此句后半句正是題干，thus前半句為答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care。與 A. B . C .D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)匹配后，正確答案為 A removing its burden of retiree health care。
9.【答案】[C] discontent
【解析】根據(jù)題干可以判斷本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。回文定位到最后一段。題干“the author seems to view legislators with”, 具體定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第2句：“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting frightened.......” 再根據(jù)題干，問作者最終態(tài)度，本段最后一句，轉(zhuǎn)折句是作者最終的態(tài)度：“ It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about....” , 即作者認(rèn)為他們并沒有認(rèn)真對(duì)待。所以此處作者態(tài)度為否定。匹配A B C D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng) 只有C discontent( 不滿)為負(fù)向信息，所以為正確答案。
10.【答案】[D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid
【解析】根據(jù)題干特征詞“best title”，這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)前四道題問的主題，第一道題和第二道題是USPS出現(xiàn)了問題，并分析原因，第三道題給出解決方法，第四道題提到作者對(duì)于這個(gè)方法的態(tài)度，即提出問題—分析問題—解決問題，并在最后給出作者對(duì)這個(gè)解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)這個(gè)文章框架，首先A選項(xiàng)“USPS開始錯(cuò)過了它的好時(shí)光”，這只是提出問題，相對(duì)片面;B選項(xiàng)“USPS：不要?jiǎng)游业哪汤?rdquo;, 這是拒絕解決問題的態(tài)度，不符合文章的寫作思路;C選項(xiàng)“USPS：慢性病需要快方法”，這個(gè)chronic和quick都沒有在文中提到;D選項(xiàng)“USPS需要的不僅僅是權(quán)宜之計(jì)”，這說的其實(shí)作者對(duì)于解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)，在文章最后一段。這段最后結(jié)尾有But，有however， “it[指代前文講的方法] is not a sign……”，對(duì)此作者表示否定態(tài)度。所以D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
2020年全國新東方在線
考研英語課堂試題及答案。正確的選項(xiàng)往往以同義替換的形式出現(xiàn)。這一點(diǎn)是成敗的關(guān)鍵，考研英語閱讀的每一個(gè)問題都是非常嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)模鋰?yán)謹(jǐn)在于：正確選項(xiàng)實(shí)質(zhì)上就是原文中某句話的同義替換，而不是靠蒙和猜，正確選項(xiàng)一定能在原文中找到相應(yīng)的依據(jù)。
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