"assume" 的音標為 [??sju?m]，基本翻譯為“假定；承擔；裝出；篡奪”，速記技巧為：assume 記 假定(su)承擔(assume)。

以下是10個英文單詞及其詞源、變化形式和相關單詞的解釋，供您參考：

1. (動詞)assume: 源自拉丁語，意為“假裝”或“承擔”。變化形式有 assumed, assumption。相關單詞有 assumption, disclaim (dis-表示否定，表示“否認”)。

2. (名詞) hypothesis: 源自希臘語，意為“假設”。變化形式有 hypothetic, hypothesis。相關單詞有 postulate (post-表示“后”，表示“提出”)。

3. (動詞)presume: 源自拉丁語，意為“假定”或“假定為”。變化形式有 presumed, presumption。相關單詞有 surmise (sur-表示“超過”，表示“猜測”)。

4. (名詞) supposition: 源自拉丁語，意為“猜測”。變化形式有 supposititious, supposition。相關單詞有 conjecture (con-表示“共同”，表示“猜測”)。

5. (動詞) take for: 源自法語，意為“認為”。變化形式有 taken for。相關單詞有 assume for (assume 表示“假定”，for 表示目的或用途)。

6. (名詞) deem: 源自古英語，意為“認為”。變化形式有 deemed, deeming。相關單詞有 judge (judge 表示“判斷”，與 deem 意思相近)。

7. (動詞) presume to: 源自拉丁語，意為“向…提出要求或申請”。變化形式有 presumptuous, presumptuously。相關單詞有 demand (demand 表示“要求”)。

8. (動詞) suppose: 源自拉丁語，意為“推測”或“假設”。變化形式有 supposed, supposing。相關單詞有 conjecture (con-表示“共同”，表示“猜測”)。

9. (名詞) notion: 源自法語，意為“概念”。變化形式有 notional, notionally。相關單詞有 idea (idea 表示“想法”)。

10. (動詞) reckon: 源自古英語，意為“認為”。變化形式有 reckoned, reckoning。相關單詞有 estimate (estimate 表示“估計”)。

以上這些單詞在英語中都較為常用，并且在不同的語境下有著不同的含義和用法。

常用短語：

1. assume responsibility

2. assume the role

3. assume control

4. assume the position

5. assume the pose

6. assume the guise

7. assume the mantle

例句：

1. I assume responsibility for my mistakes.

2. She assumed the role of a mother to her younger siblings.

3. The company assumed control of the new project.

4. The president assumed the position of leader.

5. She assumed the pose of a confident woman.

6. He assumed the guise of a humble servant.

7. The new leader assumed the mantle of power.

英文小作文：

Title: The Power of Assumption

Assumption can be a powerful tool, but it can also be a dangerous weapon. It can help us take control of a situation, but it can also lead us into making mistakes. However, when used correctly, assumption can be a valuable tool in many situations.

For example, when we assume that someone is trustworthy, we can build a stronger relationship with that person. We can also use assumption to our advantage when making decisions, as it can help us eliminate unnecessary information and focus on what is important. However, if we make an incorrect assumption, it can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.

Therefore, it is important to use assumption carefully and thoughtfully, and to always be open to new information and perspectives. Assumption should never be our only guide, but it can be a valuable tool in many situations when used correctly.